WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:05.000 [Automatic captions by Autotekst using OpenAI Whisper V3. May contain recognition errors.] 00:08.635 --> 00:10.976 and open Sonic Pi, and that will bring you here. 00:13.917 --> 00:14.418 Mostly. 00:15.158 --> 00:20.721 If your Sonic Pi environment doesn't look exactly like this, it's probably because some other things are on. 00:20.981 --> 00:22.321 Maybe the information is on. 00:23.242 --> 00:25.463 Maybe the help section is on, quite likely. 00:27.384 --> 00:29.565 Maybe something about the preferences is on, et cetera. 00:30.985 --> 00:34.347 All of these kind of inlays can be found on your right. 00:38.320 --> 00:43.586 So if you can click on these various things, then you will find where these things individually are. 00:45.308 --> 00:50.835 There is a scope, an oscilloscope, that can help you hear what we are listening to and so on. 00:53.092 --> 00:56.433 Now, underneath these buttons, there is the scope for me. 00:56.514 --> 00:58.915 But if you've switched off your scope, then it may not be there. 00:59.535 --> 01:00.555 And then there is a log. 01:01.076 --> 01:04.737 And this is a log of all the things that are running in Sonic Pi. 01:06.538 --> 01:14.962 You might be familiar with this in any coding environment, where there is a log of what is running, for example, the console in web programming and so on. 01:16.119 --> 01:19.921 Then underneath that, again, there is this thing called queues. 01:20.081 --> 01:30.107 Queues are the instructions that are being sent to the sound engine by Sonic Pi that will help you understand how your code is flowing. 01:30.807 --> 01:40.633 So if you write different blocks and they're doing different things at different points of time, then it is here in queues that you will understand which block is running currently. 01:41.932 --> 01:47.998 So as you can see from all of the different types of music that I was playing before, there was a snare loop that was running. 01:48.198 --> 01:51.121 Occasionally there was a synth, etc. 01:51.321 --> 01:52.983 So this is where you learn about that. 01:53.823 --> 01:58.448 And then at the very bottom, there is a thing called linked metronome and global time warp. 01:59.509 --> 02:06.816 And this is where it kind of knows what is your main tempo that you're working with. 02:08.593 --> 02:11.174 And for me, currently it is 60. 02:11.674 --> 02:23.759 I think for most of you, it might be 60 with zero milliseconds, which means that for Sonic Pi, one unit of time is gonna be one beat in 60 beats per minute. 02:23.779 --> 02:24.539 Does that make sense? 02:25.340 --> 02:26.400 And this will be important. 02:26.480 --> 02:31.942 We'll see when we start telling Sonic Pi how long to do things for, et cetera. 02:32.662 --> 02:35.143 So we're gonna start with something really quick and easy. 02:35.324 --> 02:36.304 We're gonna say play. 02:39.013 --> 02:41.695 Now we're going to put down a number, 50. 02:45.638 --> 02:57.686 And if you say, play 50, and you have a MacBook, then you can press Command and R to play this, like so. 03:01.208 --> 03:06.211 If you press Command and R many times, then you can 03:08.630 --> 03:09.710 run it very many times. 03:12.851 --> 03:14.871 That's pretty simple. 03:14.891 --> 03:16.712 So what is 50, it seems like? 03:17.572 --> 03:18.212 It's a note. 03:19.752 --> 03:29.294 And the values of those notes are things that you can tell Sonic Pi what values they are, and it plays them in order. 03:29.954 --> 03:32.955 So if we make another line and say play 60, 03:35.632 --> 03:38.373 it plays both of them together without stopping in the middle. 03:40.395 --> 03:54.682 This is because this is not a traditional coding environment where it's running a Von Neumann type of, or it probably is, but obviously the distance between two lines is so small that it's going to sound simultaneous anyway. 03:56.883 --> 04:01.265 So when you run it in the log, you can see that both notes beep at the same time. 04:02.006 --> 04:03.486 So we said play something. 04:07.706 --> 04:15.930 The way to make it pause for just a second is to say sleep for one beat. 04:16.650 --> 04:23.174 If I do that, it says one time. 04:23.914 --> 04:25.795 So far, we're playing notes. 04:26.015 --> 04:31.218 Then we're asking the machine to sleep for one beat and then play a new note. 04:35.217 --> 04:37.858 And we can keep doing this for a long time. 04:40.599 --> 04:44.760 Remember that if you don't ask it to sleep, it's going to play both of those things at the same time. 04:49.462 --> 04:55.785 This is a really inconvenient way to write melodies, obviously, because it's very annoying. 04:56.465 --> 05:01.027 So what we're going to do, especially if you want to play this over and over again, 05:02.384 --> 05:05.345 You want it to loop. 05:07.946 --> 05:10.267 The way to loop something is to say loop do. 05:13.069 --> 05:15.990 Once you loop something, you also have to end it. 05:16.910 --> 05:17.811 Solipi is really nice. 05:17.951 --> 05:22.392 I did not indent a single thing right now and it just auto indents usually. 05:24.573 --> 05:26.354 If it doesn't, you can press tab. 05:29.475 --> 05:30.436 Let me try to play this. 05:41.838 --> 05:45.158 Command S is how you stop it, sorry. 05:47.139 --> 05:48.139 Put everyone in a loop. 05:48.959 --> 05:52.300 Command R and Command S. So these are your friends for today. 05:53.660 --> 05:56.601 That's how you hear something and then you stop a buffer from playing something. 05:56.981 --> 06:00.342 Especially if it's looped, then it's gonna play for a long time. 06:01.242 --> 06:04.363 Now, did you notice something else that happened in this loop? 06:12.583 --> 06:13.043 I'll tell you. 06:13.183 --> 06:21.586 There are four plays, but the fourth play plays simultaneously with the first one because it's looping and there is no sleep instruction. 06:21.606 --> 06:33.951 Four and a half. 06:34.531 --> 06:35.211 That's very nice. 06:35.611 --> 06:36.152 Kind of cool. 06:36.372 --> 06:36.732 I like it. 06:38.089 --> 06:43.531 Now, what you can also do is to make something loop a certain number of times. 06:45.532 --> 06:52.074 So what we're going to do is say times, then decide how many times we want this to play. 06:52.194 --> 06:52.414 Two. 06:52.835 --> 06:53.275 Two times. 06:54.915 --> 06:55.195 Okay? 06:56.796 --> 06:57.516 Two times do. 06:58.417 --> 07:01.918 And I'm going to make it a little bit shorter because it's quite long right now. 07:10.788 --> 07:13.424 So it stops automatically after two times. 07:16.053 --> 07:45.333 so now we have a strange little melody and you know how to manipulate it because this works in beats so currently we have one two three four five small parts right so it's two and a half beats that repeat in this way uh and that's a simple melody but we all know that your what you're listening to is a type of synth because this is not just a melody it's played on something 07:47.374 --> 07:53.232 So we're gonna change that by saying use synth. 07:55.959 --> 08:16.447 Now, in SonicPy, there are certain sound commands, like useSynth whenever you're using a sample, whenever you're using a reverb, and so on, where you're using an inbuilt part of SonicPy's functionality, in which case you say useSynth colon piano, for example. 08:18.728 --> 08:19.068 And now... 08:19.685 --> 08:26.290 to your point piano will be pink because everything that's an inbuilt functionality of SonicPy will get the color pink. 08:27.591 --> 08:28.972 Does that make sense? 08:31.574 --> 08:40.780 Now another thing is that to call an inbuilt functionality of SonicPy you're going to have to use colon so if you don't then it doesn't recognize what you mean by piano. 08:50.208 --> 08:52.789 Now how do you know what other synths you can use? 08:53.949 --> 08:57.190 Well, it has a really nice suggestion box, this software. 08:57.690 --> 09:08.413 So you can press colon and then press a letter, for example, and it can tell you different suggestions of the things that it has, if you want to use those. 09:08.513 --> 09:10.414 This is going to be awful, I'm sorry. 09:14.972 --> 09:15.172 Yes. 09:17.395 --> 09:19.497 Or great, depending upon who you ask. 09:21.579 --> 09:25.403 So that's how you use a synth. 09:25.503 --> 09:28.026 We also want to use an fx, maybe. 09:28.667 --> 09:29.227 It'll be nice. 09:30.929 --> 09:32.911 So we're going to say with fx. 09:34.870 --> 09:38.872 Now, you might ask me, why is it use synth and not with effects? 09:39.393 --> 09:43.355 Not with synth or with or use effects. 09:45.036 --> 09:48.038 And the reason for that is that's just how it is. 09:51.660 --> 09:51.900 Yes. 09:53.381 --> 09:59.485 So with effects, I think it makes sense because you use a synth, but the sound is with an effect. 09:59.525 --> 10:02.927 So I think it makes sense, but it's one of those things that you have to get used to. 10:02.947 --> 10:03.567 The two can be called. 10:05.891 --> 10:07.972 Yeah, independently and complement each other. 10:08.512 --> 10:21.680 So with fx, I don't know, compressor, it tells you that there is a runtime error because with fx must be called with a do end block. 10:22.300 --> 10:23.341 What is a do end block? 10:23.641 --> 10:25.022 Well, you already wrote one. 10:25.122 --> 10:25.942 It's the yellow one. 10:27.083 --> 10:34.307 It means that you cannot use a with fx block without saying do. 10:35.586 --> 10:39.429 And immediately when you do that, your code is indented. 10:41.510 --> 10:43.131 Now what we need is another end. 10:43.571 --> 10:43.812 Come on. 10:43.832 --> 10:44.552 Does that make sense? 10:52.037 --> 10:53.938 So that was a compressor piano. 10:53.958 --> 10:57.701 This was a little bit boring, so I'm going to put a big reverb probably. 10:59.921 --> 11:02.762 A little bit nicer. 11:02.922 --> 11:10.607 Why does this happen is because with FX is where you want to use an effect on a certain patch of your code. 11:11.127 --> 11:15.910 So maybe you don't want all the sounds that you make to have an FX. 11:16.070 --> 11:18.491 That's a bit weird. 11:19.852 --> 11:21.693 That's how we patch sound as well. 11:21.733 --> 11:22.434 You don't put... 11:23.434 --> 11:47.831 the same kind of effect patches on literally everything but you choose pick and choose and that's why you want that to be in a contained control condition so you'd say with fx do and end here and then everything that's inside it will be there but this is also possible right 11:54.102 --> 12:16.518 so now what happens is just the last notes last two notes they don't have reverb it's just the first note that has reverb so all of these things are possible now what if I hate all of the synths that sony pi is providing me and I need samples 12:44.540 --> 12:47.982 The way to call, now this is pink and it comes with a colon in the beginning. 12:48.202 --> 12:49.022 What does that tell you? 12:49.582 --> 12:55.485 That ambiquire is something that exists within SonicPy and that you can call it by a colon, right? 12:55.885 --> 12:57.245 So how do you call a sample? 12:57.365 --> 12:58.306 You just say sample. 13:01.345 --> 13:22.713 and then it tells you all of these samples that exist within sonic pie that are really cool there is so many of them so you can really do some serious drum stuff with sonic pie which is a great thing i think i'm gonna 13:30.700 --> 13:34.121 So that was loop weirdo is what happened. 13:34.242 --> 13:36.943 Already, your sound is quite complex. 13:37.103 --> 13:37.983 There is a lot happening. 13:38.984 --> 13:42.345 And that's very nice for us because we like that. 13:44.366 --> 13:54.490 What I'm going to do is that I wanted to play one sample out of a couple of samples, maybe, and not the same sample every time. 13:54.510 --> 13:55.871 So I'm going to create an array. 13:57.406 --> 13:58.467 I'm going to call it sounds. 14:00.568 --> 14:05.412 And then I'm going to call it like a normal array is called with square brackets. 14:06.273 --> 14:15.620 I'm going to put some sounds there. 14:17.682 --> 14:22.025 Notice how everything that follows a colon is pink. 14:24.696 --> 14:25.917 So here are some of my sounds. 14:26.577 --> 14:34.363 If I play this now, my sounds don't play, because they're not actually called. 14:34.563 --> 14:36.324 They just exist in an array. 14:37.945 --> 14:39.386 But I haven't called them yet. 14:40.807 --> 14:48.493 But I will call them by saying sample, because it's going to be a sample. 14:49.453 --> 14:50.854 Choose sounds. 15:03.075 --> 15:07.659 So that little glitch thing in the beginning was this sound, actually. 15:08.860 --> 15:12.383 But if I play this multiple times, then you'll hear it quite properly. 15:13.203 --> 15:13.964 Let's do that. 15:18.647 --> 15:30.977 So now instead of writing sample choose sounds, sample choose sounds, I'm just going to say I wanted to do this eight times, OK? 15:32.876 --> 15:49.763 And then what do I want it to do is play eight samples for me, and... Pretty funky. 15:52.465 --> 15:55.506 Yes? 15:56.506 --> 15:57.127 From the array. 15:59.388 --> 16:01.369 You can also use index, IDX. 16:02.129 --> 16:02.269 Yeah. 16:04.129 --> 16:09.890 You can also use, there are many commands for random numbers as well, like to pick randoms. 16:10.630 --> 16:13.771 We'll go through them when we're picking notes one more time. 16:15.691 --> 16:19.992 Now, you might ask me, what samples exist here? 16:21.692 --> 16:27.093 You can click on this delta called help and go to samples. 16:28.413 --> 16:32.334 And this is a comprehensive list of all of the samples. 16:34.522 --> 16:35.742 You can listen to them. 16:39.943 --> 16:40.684 Pretty epic. 16:42.524 --> 16:43.384 Some of them are long. 16:46.245 --> 16:47.165 Which is a classic. 16:48.305 --> 16:49.246 Some of them are very short. 16:53.107 --> 16:54.247 Some of them are kind of cute. 17:03.641 --> 17:09.456 And some of them are kind of specific. 17:10.899 --> 17:11.801 Some of them are ambient. 17:14.488 --> 17:17.829 So there's a huge bank to choose from, which is quite fun. 17:18.009 --> 17:21.910 I think, uh, the selection of things in Sonic Pi is quite fun. 17:22.930 --> 17:25.011 Uh, and there's a lot that you can do with it. 17:25.291 --> 17:34.653 So we'll come back to working with specific samples, but this is to say that you can populate your sounds array right now, any which way you like. 17:35.774 --> 17:39.435 Now, these notes are also kind of boring. 17:39.875 --> 17:40.815 I wanted to play 17:42.956 --> 17:45.578 many notes out of a selection, for example. 17:46.499 --> 17:53.744 So I'm going to ask it to play around and between 50 and 85. 17:53.784 --> 17:53.904 Now, 18:08.891 --> 18:17.789 The loop weirdo sample overlaps with the two times do thing, and that's because you ask it to sleep for 0.5 beats, that's half a beat. 18:19.389 --> 18:23.172 but you don't tell it to cut it off after half a beat. 18:23.292 --> 18:28.196 So the actual length of sample is longer than how long you're asking it to sleep. 18:28.276 --> 18:38.303 And that is why it sounds non-sequential because it's actually playing it in sequence, but it doesn't mute the sample because we haven't instructed it to mute it after 0.5. 18:40.370 --> 18:43.954 Now, I'm going to remove all of this. 18:44.274 --> 18:48.699 And I just wanted to play a long sequence of this. 18:48.719 --> 18:53.844 So I'm going to move it in the beginning because I want to listen to it first. 18:55.245 --> 18:58.449 And I don't want the rest of these things so much, actually, right now. 18:58.469 --> 19:00.451 So I'm going to clean it up a little bit. 19:23.806 --> 19:24.646 MIDI notes, yeah. 19:25.566 --> 19:33.228 So it picked quite random sounding 12 notes from the whole selection and it tried to make something out of them. 19:35.488 --> 19:39.409 One other thing that I want to quickly get through is that you can also 19:41.019 --> 19:47.101 give commands that tell the synth about the behavior. 19:47.341 --> 19:53.642 So those are attack, release, decay, and so on, right where you declare what notes you want it to play. 19:56.363 --> 20:01.124 So notice that these piano ones are very quick. 20:02.004 --> 20:03.525 You can make it worse for yourself. 20:05.625 --> 20:07.926 This actually sounds lovely, like a pizzicato. 20:10.214 --> 20:14.739 Another thing that you can do is to ask it to play. 20:16.218 --> 20:45.420 choose we already know what choose does what does choose do it chooses things from an array we don't have an array currently because play is gonna operate a synth not play a sample right so in order to play a sample you have to write sample in order to generate a sound using a synth you have to write play so play choose then we pick an array and then you just write the notes of your choice in it 20:46.598 --> 21:03.382 okay these are the notes of my choice and I want it to play this as well first maybe actually yeah and then sleep 21:21.519 --> 21:22.959 So what is happening right now? 21:23.359 --> 21:36.043 You have a shorter note accompanied by a longer note that has the form of the shape of the note is very, very short of the longer note. 21:36.083 --> 21:40.844 So you get this like because the release time of the second note is really, really short. 21:42.313 --> 21:43.454 It's a nice figure, I think. 21:43.494 --> 21:53.321 So you can experiment with different values of the sound shape itself and the beat characteristics to give you some really interesting figures in Sonic Pi. 21:53.361 --> 21:56.463 I think that's a nice thing that I like about it. 21:58.844 --> 22:00.105 You can do this again. 22:00.125 --> 22:02.807 I want it to be... 22:04.685 --> 22:32.102 lower maybe without sleep this time so i wanted to play like some bassy stuff so 20 250 maybe he's not playing these separately why 22:40.718 --> 22:43.499 It was, it's just that the base notes are even shorter. 22:44.019 --> 22:44.759 They just sound like . 22:52.101 --> 22:54.221 So this is quite sleepy music. 22:54.261 --> 22:55.922 This could be a music box music. 22:55.962 --> 23:02.243 I think we need to lift our spirits a little bit at this point in time by making some chaos. 23:03.063 --> 23:06.324 For which, what I'm going to do is I like this code. 23:07.064 --> 23:08.745 I'm going to use it for something later on. 23:09.662 --> 23:12.063 So at the bottom, you will see 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. 23:15.764 --> 23:19.325 Those are called buffers, and we have 10 of them. 23:20.385 --> 23:27.207 It means that we can write 10 different pieces of code, and we can be real chaotic. 23:38.987 --> 23:45.490 because we can run 10 different types of things that we've written at the same time or at different times. 23:45.570 --> 23:52.834 And this is a nice tool because if you want to start something at some point of time, et cetera, then you can do it really easily. 23:54.435 --> 23:57.476 How are you going to save your washing machine music, et cetera? 23:58.997 --> 24:02.879 It says record over here, and that means that it will record. 24:03.099 --> 24:04.920 So up top over there. 24:08.613 --> 24:37.853 it says if you hover on it it says start recording to a wave audio file and if you do that then you can record the beautiful music that you're going to create and that's really nice because it's easy to do and that's why i like this interface because you can actually make something uh not all compositions have to be thought of as you know piano style and musical instruments and things like that sometimes we think like this and you can make a little piece and then you can save it 24:38.653 --> 24:54.840 So what we're going to do now is to move to your next empty buffer, which is probably going to be one for you, if you've not written anything in it, because I'm going to save whatever I've written in preparation for tonight. 24:56.200 --> 25:06.745 And then what we're going to do is to make a nice drum sample before we do some synth stuff. 25:08.698 --> 25:11.660 So for that, I'm going to load a sample. 25:20.507 --> 25:24.569 And the sample is going to be drum heavy kick. 25:25.780 --> 25:30.084 Now, we're going to do a different type of loop now. 25:30.464 --> 25:34.367 So, so far, what we did was two types of loops. 25:35.288 --> 25:37.670 The first one was called loop. 25:39.151 --> 25:41.213 And the second one was called times loop. 25:41.293 --> 25:43.695 So, we said 12 dot times do. 25:44.635 --> 25:48.839 We're going to do something new now, which is called live loop. 25:52.140 --> 26:18.167 do and you know when you're writing like this that you need an end and you need an indent and then you can fill it up with stuff which I'm gonna fill it up with a sample same sample that we loaded drum heavy kick like so 26:21.593 --> 26:22.795 Make it sleep for half a beat. 26:28.724 --> 26:29.145 Two times. 26:48.976 --> 26:56.223 Now, I did something sneaky just now, which was that instead of say live loops do, I had to say colon something. 26:56.283 --> 27:00.987 This is because each live loop in SonicPy needs a unique identifier. 27:01.667 --> 27:03.709 It's so that it can be called later on. 27:05.247 --> 27:13.410 And in none of your buffers, or in at least the buffers that are playing, no two live loops can have the same identifier. 27:14.030 --> 27:16.571 So you need to keep track of what loop you've written. 27:16.731 --> 27:20.192 If it's called drums, then you will not be able to write another drums loop. 27:20.332 --> 27:21.333 It will simply not play. 27:21.873 --> 27:24.093 So this is your live loop. 27:24.133 --> 27:25.454 What do you notice in it? 27:59.329 --> 28:02.350 is that you can change things on the fly and they get changed. 28:03.250 --> 28:04.430 And the sync never comes off. 28:04.470 --> 28:05.911 It never starts a new play. 28:05.931 --> 28:06.871 So that's a live loop. 28:07.431 --> 28:16.754 That's pretty nice when you're doing coding for Algorave or you're running a set, you're being DJ for the night. 28:17.434 --> 28:23.076 Then you can run a live loop or several because then you have control of kind of how to change things within them. 28:23.136 --> 28:27.737 So what we did just now was to change parameters of how the sample is played. 28:33.450 --> 28:35.491 And then you kind of create a little bit of a beat. 28:35.671 --> 28:37.231 That's pretty nice. 28:39.192 --> 28:43.114 Now we're going to create a different live loop because we're going to add some synths to this. 28:54.795 --> 28:58.277 So again, I say live loop, and then first I have to give it a name. 28:58.397 --> 29:02.159 So I say colon synths, because I intend to write some synths in it. 29:02.940 --> 29:09.284 And then I say end first, and then indent, because that's how you can make sure that your code is going to run properly. 29:10.144 --> 29:11.765 And then I'm going to use some synths. 29:13.146 --> 29:13.847 Use synth. 29:16.208 --> 29:17.989 Pulse synth this time. 29:19.030 --> 29:22.832 And then I also want to tell it what types of... 29:24.830 --> 29:26.391 synth defaults it should use. 29:27.492 --> 29:33.856 And I wanted to use amplitude of 1, cutoff of 80. 29:37.238 --> 29:37.919 Something like this. 29:37.939 --> 29:40.140 And then I wanted to play some notes. 29:40.300 --> 29:43.242 Play 30, sleep. 29:45.604 --> 29:48.906 Sleep a little bit. 29:49.566 --> 29:49.967 Play 38. 29:53.886 --> 29:54.687 Sleep a little bit. 29:56.788 --> 29:57.389 Quarter note. 29:58.129 --> 30:05.495 So what's going to happen now when you're going to listen to the sample, how fast is the synth compared to the drum? 30:06.376 --> 30:08.637 The drums are sleeping for 0.5. 30:08.697 --> 30:09.698 That's half a beat. 30:10.559 --> 30:12.500 But the synths are sleeping for 0.25. 30:13.301 --> 30:14.542 That's a quarter of a beat. 30:15.663 --> 30:17.704 So the synths are going to be playing twice as fast. 30:19.242 --> 30:19.362 so 30:38.143 --> 30:46.990 So very simple things, very small changes in code, exactly works like a DJ platform and does very nice and effective things. 30:47.751 --> 30:48.011 All right. 30:48.451 --> 30:55.357 What we're going to do now is to make a complicated sound because we don't like any of the resident synthesizers. 30:56.117 --> 31:05.185 But while we're doing that, we're also going to learn to write a function which is defined by the command define. 31:08.294 --> 31:09.515 Then we are going to call it something. 31:09.575 --> 31:19.619 I'm going to call this one bell because that's nice. 31:24.721 --> 31:27.942 And then I'm going to put some synth commands. 31:29.302 --> 31:30.303 Synth triangle. 31:45.320 --> 31:47.348 Oh, it's going to take me forever to find pipe. 31:55.006 --> 32:01.469 So mod n passes kind of the value of n through the function defined. 32:01.509 --> 32:04.951 So it works in exactly the same way that we pass a variable to a function. 32:05.791 --> 32:16.616 And mod n is going to pass this variable name into this function, which allows us to do certain operations with this, like so. 32:18.497 --> 32:23.199 And we're going to then play our little synth, because then we can 32:27.211 --> 32:28.232 listen to how it sounds. 32:28.992 --> 32:30.033 Currently, it sounds like this. 32:30.053 --> 32:36.416 So it's not much, because it's basically the sound of just one synth. 32:36.477 --> 32:43.981 But this is to demonstrate that once you've defined a function with a name, then you can call that name to play a note. 32:46.202 --> 32:52.846 Now, we're going to add to this so that we can make basically like additive synthesis. 32:53.887 --> 32:55.948 We want to make several different. 32:57.392 --> 32:59.113 things sound at the same time. 33:00.594 --> 33:03.915 So we're going to do some operations. 33:07.337 --> 33:18.082 So what it's going to do is to add all of these values in order to make a new kind of sound that will play all of these synths at the same time. 33:18.163 --> 33:23.505 So what it's really trying to do is kind of additive synthesis, where 33:25.203 --> 33:49.135 it's uh yeah you're giving it specific values of really let's listen to this sound now so it's much more complex rounded kind of different from everything that we heard so far kind of nice uh okay 33:50.633 --> 33:52.554 But we want it to be a little more complex. 33:52.674 --> 33:55.335 It has currently a very low release time. 33:55.375 --> 34:01.198 We want it to have a little bit of a reverberate-y sound. 34:01.218 --> 34:03.739 So I'm going to call a synth again. 34:03.759 --> 34:09.201 I'm just going to copy some of these because I want another complex-ish sound. 34:10.922 --> 34:13.804 And this time, I'm going to have sine waves. 34:14.004 --> 34:16.725 I want the reverberation to not be jarring. 34:24.972 --> 34:32.356 Now already if I play it, it's similar, but with some other additional characteristics. 34:32.476 --> 34:34.677 But I'm going to give these huge release times. 34:39.339 --> 34:42.981 So again, release time of 2, that's 2 beats. 34:43.001 --> 34:46.003 0.5, that's 1 beat, and so on. 34:49.865 --> 34:50.485 That's nice. 34:52.226 --> 34:53.766 Now it has a longer kind of... 34:55.244 --> 35:19.120 resonant body that we just added because we're trying to create this like complex synth we're trying to make a bell sound upper harmonics they're kind of missing I think this is kind of not that great so we need more like 24 maybe some of them are not like perfect 35:22.602 --> 35:23.182 Does that make sense? 35:23.762 --> 35:37.345 So it has these upper resonant harmonics, but they're not exactly, they're kind of just around the area so that we have like a little bit of like a fight between those sound waves. 35:40.866 --> 35:41.486 That's pretty cool. 35:41.606 --> 35:47.468 Kind of sounds like a, you know, one of those like bowls type of thing. 35:49.168 --> 35:49.908 Is it long enough? 35:51.849 --> 35:52.069 Yeah. 35:53.149 --> 35:56.670 Could be longer, could be weirder, probably. 35:59.430 --> 36:05.312 Could be a lot richer, obviously, because currently all of the sine waves are a lot higher. 36:06.192 --> 36:08.412 You can do crazy things to it, of course. 36:12.473 --> 36:16.554 That's kind of like an old brass type of a thing. 36:17.494 --> 36:22.135 And then, of course, you can do, not all of them need to be so high. 36:26.839 --> 36:28.660 OK, that was kind of fake sounding. 36:28.861 --> 36:32.043 I didn't like that. 36:32.524 --> 36:37.367 But maybe that's nice. 36:37.508 --> 36:39.089 We need something more. 36:39.109 --> 36:47.616 I feel like maybe like a lower harmonic type of thing, because these are kind of high. 36:47.676 --> 36:51.379 They're nice, but I feel like it needs one more. 36:53.157 --> 36:57.399 So we're going to add two more synths and make them quite low. 36:59.140 --> 37:07.103 Minus something like this, close to where we were at. 37:12.906 --> 37:13.846 That's kind of cool. 37:14.366 --> 37:15.247 I kind of like it. 37:16.267 --> 37:18.888 Not excessively, but yeah. 37:20.686 --> 37:23.927 And then, remember when we did this play thing? 37:25.347 --> 37:27.868 You can import the same loop here. 37:28.908 --> 37:30.449 And we can make a little bell melody. 37:32.569 --> 37:43.112 So instead of use synth piano, I'm going to do bell choose and bell random. 37:47.310 --> 37:50.112 Now, if I didn't do anything, it would play those in a loop. 37:50.232 --> 37:57.335 But there is a runtime error, which is that it thinks that I have given it two arguments when it expected one. 37:58.156 --> 38:00.497 I'm just going to tell it one number, maybe. 38:09.081 --> 38:13.064 This was the effect of the reverb do, but it also stops playing after one, so. 38:24.976 --> 38:33.407 so far it's playing three of these notes 12 times so you can add it to a loop you can do what you want with it so this is how you do additive synthesis 38:36.508 --> 38:39.531 There are many types of synths, obviously, available. 38:39.551 --> 38:42.574 You can change these tri signs out for. 38:43.035 --> 38:46.238 So currently, we're only using triangle ones in sign tones. 38:46.258 --> 38:52.164 You can swap them out for anything you like and create very complex sounds on this. 38:53.385 --> 38:58.770 They also have kind of many default values, instructions that Sonic Pi already knows. 38:59.531 --> 39:18.360 which you can you know change around manipulate and create really rich kind of sounds i think i'm going to show you a nice example called monday blues by the guy who developed sonic pi you can go a bit higher 39:39.819 --> 39:42.864 so it starts slow because you have two live loops 39:44.028 --> 39:52.490 And they go on for six times and eight times, which means that while the first loop is kind of going to go again, the second loop starts somewhere in the middle. 39:53.250 --> 39:58.592 And then it's kind of stacked in a way that it kind of comes in. 39:59.712 --> 40:01.352 It's only based on two samples. 40:01.792 --> 40:04.413 So you load those samples beforehand, so it runs really quickly. 40:05.939 --> 40:13.424 And then you have this kind of patch where you play the synth melody, which runs in this kind of control condition. 40:14.465 --> 40:25.452 So instead of using a complex sound that he wrote, like we did with the bell just now, he's using parameters of the synth. 40:26.710 --> 40:31.192 and modifying them in order to get kind of this nice saw sound that he wants. 40:32.272 --> 40:33.933 And then using some of those. 40:34.333 --> 40:45.637 Now here there is this thing called notes and there is a ring of notes so that each note is played a fixed number of times in both octaves. 40:45.677 --> 40:49.298 So that's why you hear the right? 40:49.778 --> 40:51.299 So that is programmed here. 40:52.967 --> 40:56.731 where n again is the note that is going to be passed through here. 40:57.472 --> 41:08.705 And instead of writing each note twice, you can get a control condition where you play a ring of notes and then do specific operations every time with every single note. 41:09.366 --> 41:09.887 Does that make sense? 41:09.907 --> 41:12.069 So you can play with this in a multiple... 41:12.950 --> 41:31.747 ways you can have an arpeggiation based on a note plus eight seven whatever every single time and then finally there is like a drum sample start so this is kind of a way of thinking about these coding blocks compositionally you will need help because 41:32.888 --> 41:35.692 I don't know what exists residentially in Sonic Pi. 41:36.233 --> 41:46.768 So don't be afraid to click on help and check out samples, effects, synths, because there's a lot of them that you can use.